{"id":5439,"date":"2023-04-08T10:23:09","date_gmt":"2023-04-08T04:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/?p=5439"},"modified":"2023-04-08T10:23:13","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T04:53:13","slug":"%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/archives\/5439","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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         \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0646 1793-1841\u0645 \u00ab\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u00ab\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647: \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633 1809\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 1816\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u00ab\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u062c\u00bb 1830\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1837\u0645\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00ab\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1813\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0647\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 1808\u0645(40)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00ab\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0632\u00bb (1825-1889\u0645): \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1885\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u00ab\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u00bb (1841-1890\u0645): \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1853\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0645 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062d \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647(41)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*  *  *<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1)    \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635:21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2)    \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c (\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649)\u060c 10\/173-175.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3)    \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u00bb \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064a\u062f- \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646-2009-2010 \u0635:32-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4)    \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 46.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5)    \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a 1876-1933\u0645 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Heinrich_Becker<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6)    \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1871\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1945\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: German Reich) \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Reich<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7)    \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(8)    \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635:76.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(9)    \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0635129-130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(10) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0637 1973\u060c \u0635 77.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(11) \u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0647\u060c \u06371995\u0645\u060c \u0635:133.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(12) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: http:\/\/www.alwasat.com.kw\/ArticleDetail.aspx?id=3571<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(13) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0635129-130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(14) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1414\u0647\u0640-1993\u0645 \u0635 48-49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(15) \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c1388\u0647\u0640-1969\u0645\u060c \u0635:9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(16) \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0646 Anthony Eden 1897-1977\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1957. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Eden<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(17) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 -\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629- \u06393\u060c \u0631\u062c\u0628 1410\u0647\u0640- \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u06311990\u0645\u060c \u0635:237-273.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(18) \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c (\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635: 54.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(19) \u062f. \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642.. \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/zahawi.org\/?p=5091&lang=ar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(20) \u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f227 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1429\u0647\u0640-2008\u0645\u060c\u0635:26<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(21) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c1414\u0647\u0640-1993\u0645 \u063597.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(22) \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agra<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(23) \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a (1888\u0645)\u060c \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u00ab\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u00bb- \u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u06461986\u0645\u060c \u0635:18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(24) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 1993\u0645 \u0635 578.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(25) Muir,William the Mohammedan controversy , Edinburgh, 1897 P100<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(26) Guenther, Alan M. The Hadith in Christian-Muslim discourse in British India , 1857-1888 A thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and Research in partial fulfillment , of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Institute of Islamic Studies, Mc Gill University, Montreal 1997.p28 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(27)Bennett, Clinton. Victorian Images of Islam, Grey Seal Books, London 1992 p 108<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(28)Muir,William the Mohammedan controversy , Edinburgh, 1897 P100 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(29)Edward Storrow , the history of protestant mission in India, London1884.p156<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(30)Eugene , stock binging in India, central board of mission and society for promoting Christian knowledge London,1917p iv  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(31)Anglo-Indian Evangelization society. Twenty fifth Annual Report , London 1895.p2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(32) Eugene, the history of the church vol.iip264-265<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(33)Martin, parsons unveiling God Contextualizing Christology for Islamic Culture, USA 2005,p42<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(34) Guenther, Alan M. The Hadith in Christian-Muslim discourse in British India , 1857-1888 A thesis submitted to faculty of graduate studies and Research in partial fulfillment , of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts Institute of Islamic Studies, Mc Gill University, Montreal 1997.              p50 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(35)Muir,William the Mohammedan controversy , Edinburgh, 1897 P2 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(36)Swarup. Ram Hindu View of Christianity and Islam, Voice of India, Newdelhi, 2000,p 17  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(37)Powell,Avril,A Scottish Orientalists And India, The Boy dell press, Woodbridge.2010 P 22   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(38) \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c 1405\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635: 55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(39) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 147.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(40) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0635 474 \u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(41) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646\u060c 2-108 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 . *  *  *<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(*)<\/a>         <\/sup>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 – \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 1444\u0647\u0640 = \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 – \u0645\u0627\u064a\u06482023\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f: 9-10\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629: 47<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645:  \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a(*) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642:          \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u00bb \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0634\u0631\u0642\u00bb \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0634\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649: \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a(1)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,29],"tags":[637],"class_list":["post-5439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-24","category-29","tag-----1444--2023"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5440,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5439\/revisions\/5440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}