{"id":3657,"date":"2022-11-14T11:40:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T06:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/?p=3657"},"modified":"2022-11-14T11:40:07","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T06:10:07","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%b7-%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/archives\/3657","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645:&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0648<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1908\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 1909\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648(1) 1878\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646(2) 1878\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u00bb (Megali Idea). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627(3). \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1878\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(4)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0648\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 (\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633) \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646(5). \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a 30 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649- \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628(6). \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Pan Islamisim)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (1876-1909\u0645)\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1911(7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a(8)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0632\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629(9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629(10)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646(11) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643(12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 21 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646(13). \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f(14).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f: \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627 (Comrade)\u060c \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0632\u0631\u0641\u0631 (Observer)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629(15)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 2 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629(16). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a(17)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629(18)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646(19)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644(20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627(21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 600 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u00bb \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0643\u0627\u0646(22)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 223 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627(23)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a(24)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631(25)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0648(26).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644(27)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627(28).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 75 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631(29). \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629(30).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f(31)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629(32).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a(33)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631(34)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631(35)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646(36)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 (Comrade) \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647(37).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 263 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 158 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u064844 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 28 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643(38). \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 235.542 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629(39).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646(40)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 300 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u00bb \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a(41). \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f(42). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646(43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u00bb \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u00bb \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629(44).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0640200 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629(45)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0638\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0642\u0631\u0649) \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 200 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627(46).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627(47)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f(48).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1- \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.. \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f(49)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2- \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 135 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 100 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 100 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a 23 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0622\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627(50).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3- \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f(51). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 (Kadirga Hastahanesi) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 (Galipoli)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0643(52)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646(53).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0643(54).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u062b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0622 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*&nbsp; *&nbsp; *<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cevdet K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u201cBalkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi (D\u0130A), Vol. 5, p. 23.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kenan Seyitano\u011flu (Editor), Do\u011fu\u015ftan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u0130slam Tarihi, Vol. 12. \u00c7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0120stanbul 1989, p. 163.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cevdet K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, ibid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rifat U\u00e7arol, Siyasi Tarih, Filiz Kitabevi, \u0120stanbul 1986, p. 363.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Azmi \u00d6zcan, Pan-\u0130slamizm: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ve \u0130ngiltere (1877-1924), T\u00fcrkiye Diyanet Vakf\u0131, 2. Editition, Ankara 1977, p. 178.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0634\u064a (Ouchy) \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1912\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Rifat U\u00e7arol, op.cit, p. 352.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(8)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131rat-\u0131 Mustak\u00eem, \u201cMeclis-i Meb\u2019\u00fbs\u00e2n\u00ee ve Hindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u201d,22\u060c 1327 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 Issue: 174, p. 290<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(9)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131rat-\u0131 Mustak\u00eem, ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(10)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131rat-\u0131 Mustak\u00eem, \u201cAlem\u2019da Galeyan: Hindistan\u2019da\u201d, 22 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1327\u060c &nbsp;Issue:161, p.79.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: S\u0131rat-\u0131 Mustak\u00eem, ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(11)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hasan Taner Kerimo\u011flu, \u201cTrablusgarp ve Balkan Savaslar\u0131\u2019nda Hint M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Yard\u0131mlar\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 \u0130ncelemeleri Dergisi, Vol. XII, Issue. 2, Ege \u00dcniversitesi, \u0120zmir 2012, p. 166.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(12)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0131rat-\u0131 Mustak\u00eem, \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn Hindistan Galeyanda\u201d, 7\/\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1330 &nbsp;Issue: 173, p. 274.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(13)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Hariciye Nez\u00e2reti Terc\u00fcme Odas\u0131 (BOA, HR.TO), 543\/35 (25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 1912).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(14)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi Ba\u015fvek\u00e2let Evrak Odas\u0131 (BOA, BEO), 4153, 311429 (28 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1328 \u2013 13 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631 1913).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(15)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Azmi \u00d6zcan, op.cit, p. 179.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(16)&nbsp; Azmi \u00d6zcan, ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913.&nbsp; \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: BOA, BEO, 4166\/312394 (16\/\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 1331 \u2013 23\/\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1913.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(17)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644 (A. Feri Mentel) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f Record \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: BOA, HR.TO, 542\/102 (18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1911).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Azmi \u00d6zcan, op.cit, p. 191.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(18)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Azmi \u00d6zcan, op.cit, p. 180.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(19)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hasan T. Kerimo\u011flu, op.cit, p. 169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(20)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4045\/303337 (11\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1330 \u2013 28 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1912)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(21)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4194\/314528 (7 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1331 \u2013 16\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1913)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(22)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4189\/314129 Lef I, ((18 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1329 \u2013 1 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1913<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(23)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4040\/302939 (29\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1330 \u2013 16 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1912)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(24)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, Hariciye Nezareti Mutenevvia (HR.MTV), 741\/25 (28\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1912)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(25)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4116\/308658,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (13\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1330 \u2013 23 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1912)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(26)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4130\/309683 (22\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1331 \u2013 1\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u06311913)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(27)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOA, BEO, 4020\/301494 &nbsp;(8 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 1330 \u2013 27 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0631 1912)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(28)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hasan Taner Kerimo\u011flu, op.cit, pp. 173-174.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(29)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4189\/314129 Lef 1,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (1\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1913 \u2013 18\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1329)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(30)&nbsp; \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a 100 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOA, BEO, 4156\/311684 (14\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1331 \u2013 21\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1913)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BEO, 4160\/311931 24 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1331 &#8211; 2 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1913)).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(31) \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\/ \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a 30 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1866\u0645. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Abd\u00fclhamit Bir\u0131\u0122\u0131k, \u201cHint alt-k\u0131tas\u0131nda \u0120sl\u00e2m ara\u0122t\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcn\u00fc: Kurumlar, ilm\u00ee faaliyetler, \u0122ah\u0131slar, eserler\u201d, D\u00eev\u00e2n \u0130lm\u00ee Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, Vol. 17 (2004\/2), pp. 10-14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(32)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOA, BEO, 4143\/310681 (5 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1331 \u2013 12 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1913);<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BEO, 4146\/310920 (15 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1331 \u2013 24 \u0623\u0630\u0627\u0631 1913); BEO, 4187\/ 314006 (23 \u0631\u062c\u0628 1331 \u2013 21 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1913); BEO 4214 316012 7 (18 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 1331 \u2013 20 \u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1913); BEO, 4223\/316668 (17 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1331 \u2013 18 Ekim 1913).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(33)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4109\/308110<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (25 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1330 \u2013 26\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 1913)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(34)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4073\/305447 (4 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1330 \u2013 17 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1912).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(35)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4250\/318706 (20 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1332 \u2013 18 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1914); BEO, 3974 \/298000 (18 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1329 -10 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1911).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(36)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4155\/311558 (10 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1331 \u2013 19\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631 1913). BEO, 4120\/308999 (24 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1330 \u2013 4 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1912); T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131lay\u0131 Ar\u015fivi (TKA), 18\/108; TKA, 18\/109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(37) \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(38)&nbsp;&nbsp; Osmanl\u0131 Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Cemiyeti 1329-1331 Saln\u00e2mesi, Ahmet \u0120hsan ve \u0121\u00fcrek\u00e2s\u0131 Matbaac\u0131l\u0131k Osmanl\u0131 \u0121irketi, \u0120stanbul, p. 312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ibid, p.315.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(39)&nbsp;&nbsp; Kitap\u00e7e-i \u0130\u2019an\u00e2t-i Hindust\u00e2nest ki ez \u0130btida-i Cenk-i Trablus ve Balkan T\u00e2 G\u00fcn\u00fbn be Merkez-i Um\u00fbm\u00ee-i Cemiyet-i Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer-i Osman\u00ee V\u00e2rid \u015e\u00fbdeest, \u00c7\u00e2ph\u00e2ne-i \u0121ems, Osmanl\u0131 Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Cemiyeti, \u0120stanbul 1330-1332, p. 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(40)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4127\/309492, (13 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1331 \u2013 23 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 1912).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(41)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 4130\/309701 (23 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1331 \u2013 1 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1913).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(42)&nbsp;&nbsp; See: Kitap\u00e7e-i \u0130\u2019an\u00e2t-i Hindust\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(43)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(44)&nbsp;&nbsp; BOA, BEO, 318265\/2 (30 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1913).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(45)&nbsp;&nbsp; Azmi \u00d6zcan, op.cit, pp. 198-199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(46)&nbsp;&nbsp; Sebil\u00fc\u2019r-Re\u015f\u00e2d, \u201cHindistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n Anadolu\u2019da K\u00f6yler Tesisi\u201d, Issue: 248, p. 336.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(47)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Saln\u00e2mesi, p. 175.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(48)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hasan Taner Kerimo\u011flu, op.cit, p. 176-177.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(49)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Saln\u00e2mesi, p. 185.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(50)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Saln\u00e2mesi, p. 186.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(51)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1912\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: TKA, 18\/92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(52)&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Abdur Raheem K\u0131dwa\u0131, \u201cEns\u00e2r\u00ee, Muhtar Ahmed (1880-1936)\u201d, D\u0130A, Vol. 11, p. 253.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(53)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Saln\u00e2mesi, p. 187; Zuhal \u00d6zayd\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Cemiyeti S\u00e2ln\u00e2mesi, (Unpublished master thesis) \u0120stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 1987, pp. 128-130.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(54)&nbsp;&nbsp; Hasan Taner Kerimo\u011flu, op.cit, pp. 178-179.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Azmi \u00d6zcan, op.cit, pp. 193-197.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 300 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a Bank of India Ltd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1913\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"302\" height=\"243\" src=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_1.png 302w, https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_1-300x241.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1913\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOA, BEO, 4185\/313820<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"303\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_2.png 303w, https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_2-300x291.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 (9&nbsp; \u0627\u0628 1913)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOA, BEO, 4204\/315250<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"304\" height=\"247\" src=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_3.png 304w, https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_3-300x244.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 304px) 100vw, 304px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a 15 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1912\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk K\u0131z\u0131ya Ar\u0122ivi, 18\/92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3659\" width=\"261\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_4.png 303w, https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/19-Dirasat-9-10_1436_9_image_4-191x300.png 191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>***<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 1436 \u0647\u0640 = \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u2013 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2015\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f : 9-10 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 : 39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645:&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,30,32,33],"tags":[445],"class_list":["post-3657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-29","category-30","category-32","category-33","tag-----1436---"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3663,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3657\/revisions\/3663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}