{"id":3525,"date":"2022-11-12T10:30:53","date_gmt":"2022-11-12T05:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/?p=3525"},"modified":"2022-11-12T15:27:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-12T09:57:27","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/archives\/3525","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 (2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0628(*<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629  \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 30\/\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 45 \u064860 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u061f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 Suggestopedia  \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 12\/\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 15 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20\/ \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 50 \u0623\u0648 60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631  (Palmer)\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628The Teacher\u2019s Word Book \u0644\u0640 Thorndike \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 The Scientific Study of and Teaching of Languages  \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631  (Palmer) \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u061f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0621\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c  \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633) \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631  \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u062f)\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u062c)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0629 (\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0629)\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u060c  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 (\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0623\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c (x). \u0641\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645.  \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a (S. Krishna Moorthy ) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u00ab\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c … \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c … \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0645\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645: Kulturkunde<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629  \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 (Kulturekunde) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629  \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0647\u062f \u00ab\u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631\u00bb. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629  \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0631\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646) \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644(\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633). \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633)\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627: \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061f \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0648 -\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c  \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u00bb-:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636. \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 Drill \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\/\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 Practice (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f Habit formation  \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u00ab\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u00ab\u0641\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064a\u00bb \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u00ab\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0646\u00bb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 Practice makes a man perfect  (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0627\u064b\/ \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630 \u00ab\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u00bb: \u00ab\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1- \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. 2-\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. 3-\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. 4-\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. 5-\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627(\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. 6-\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. 7-\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645. 8-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. 9-\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 – \u0641\u0627\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. 10-\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. 11-\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. 12-\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. 13-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. 14-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0647\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 Let\u2019s Speak Arabic \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 1428\u0647\u0640  2008\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       1- \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647: \u0623. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0623. \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623. \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1428\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       2- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649): \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647: \u0623. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0629 1407\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       3- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647: \u062f\/ \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 : \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1407\u0647\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       4- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649) (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641: \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u0649\u060c (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647: \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 -1999\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0628 \u2013 141781\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 2001\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       6-  \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2013 2007\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/strong> \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0633. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 25 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629  \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*  *  *<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1-      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064a \u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c: \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u062f\u060c  \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1428\u0647\u0640 -2007\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2-      \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a \u060c \u062f\/ \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f : \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c: (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631) \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631. (2003\u0645)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3-      \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c : \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f -500007(\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4-      \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. (\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-      Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers,: Approches and Methods in Language Teaching, published by Cambridge University Press Cambridge ,New York. (seventh printing 1991)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-      C. J. Brumfit & K Johnson, : The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching, published by English language Book Society\/ Oxford University Press, Oxford (1979).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-      Jack C. Richards,: The Context of Language Teaching , published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge. (fourth printing 1991).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8-      H. Douglas Brown, : Principles of Language Learning and Teaching , published by Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9-      H.H. Stern: Fundamental Concepts Of Language Teaching, Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford OX2 6DP, printed in Great Britain by Spottiswoode ballantyne Ltd (Second impression 1984)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10-    Palmer. Harold E.,:The Priniciples of Language Study , Oxford University Press, London,1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11-    Y.C. Bhatnagar: The Current Issues in Foreign Language Teaching in India; published by Ajanta Publications (India), Jawahar Nagar, Delhi-110007, 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*  *  *<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

(<\/a>*)    \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.  ubaidtayyeb@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645  \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1436 \u0647\u0640 = \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 – \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f : 5 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 : 39<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645: \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0628(*) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,46,32,36],"tags":[432],"class_list":["post-3525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-29","category-46","category-32","category-36","tag-----1436---"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3525"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3525\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3550,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3525\/revisions\/3550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}