{"id":2662,"date":"2022-09-05T09:05:44","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T03:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/?p=2662"},"modified":"2022-09-05T09:05:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-05T03:35:47","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b4%d8%af%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%81%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/archives\/2662","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00a0 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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       \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064e \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628: \u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0643\u0630\u0628\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u00bb(3) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u00bb(4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       * \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649\u0670 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064e \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u00ab\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb(5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u064e\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u061f. \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627: \u0644\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627: \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0643\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0621\u064b\u061f \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0650\u0630\u0652\u0647\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647(6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u064e \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0651 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646(7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629: \u00ab\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u0631\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0649\u00bb(8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u063a\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u00bb (\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u062c3\u060c \u0635:164).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627  \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064e\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644(9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629(10) \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u064e \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631: \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646\u0647\u061f \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627: \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631(11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0628\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0628\u062a\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0646\u064e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0647: \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631(12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a (1849-1928\u0645) \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (A Short History of the Saracens) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647: \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u00bb(13).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00bb(14).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       * \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645  \u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u064c \u0628\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0636\u062d\u0643\u00bb(15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       * \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a  \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 : \u00ab\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651! \u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u061f \u0641\u062c\u0626\u062a\u064f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u064f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0630\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a\u064f \u0641\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651! \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0623\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0646\u064e\u0627\u061f \u0642\u0644\u062a\u064f: \u062c\u0626\u062a\u064f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064e \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a\u064f\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064e \u0623\u062d\u0642\u064f\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0648\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0639\u064e \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u00bb(14).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064f \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0623 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0633\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u064e\u0643 \u0641\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064e\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064e\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u00bb(17).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0641 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 : \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0631\u0647\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0628.. \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – (18).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643(19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0651 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u00ab\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u00bb(20)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u00bb(21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

       \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u2013 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f – \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 – : \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*  *  *<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d: 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u00bb \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0635: 308.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635: 312.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635: 309.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0635: 159 \u0648 160 (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0635: 310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u060c \u0635: \u0648 \u2013 \u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0635: 311.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0635: 63\u060c \u0637: \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0635: 370\u060c \u0637: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A SHDRT HISTORY OF THE SARACENS, OP. CIT. P.21. (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0635: 45).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ANNALS OF THE EARLY CALIPHATE, CIT. P. 123 (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635133\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0635105\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u061b \u062c7\u060c \u0635 106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0635: 24-25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 (PEAK OF ELOQUENCE, BOMBAY,1979, P.57).  (\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635: 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645  \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 1433 \u0647\u0640 = \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 – \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2012\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f : 11 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 : 36<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645:        \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629           \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u063a\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,29,30,26,33],"tags":[356],"class_list":["post-2662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-28","category-29","category-30","category-26","category-33","tag-----1433---"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2662"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2664,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2662\/revisions\/2664"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}