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\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1-\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (who)\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2-\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (what)\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3-\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (why)\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4-\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (how)\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5-\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (when)\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6-\u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 (where)\u061f (34)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c 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\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 : “\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631”(54)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 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\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: “\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647”: “\u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649”(60)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1- \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629: “\u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 “\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647(61)<\/sup>” \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 “\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a “\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629”(62)<\/sup> \u2013 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3- \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4- \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5- \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645(63)<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”(64)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627”(65)<\/sup> \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646: “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643”(66)<\/sup> \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629)(67)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631(68) \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 optimum not maximum \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631”(69)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645” \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646: “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645” \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Maximization \u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649”(70) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: “\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643”(71)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 “\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647” \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632”(72)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n (34) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1978\u0645\u060c \u0635 13-30\u060c \u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u0635 43\u060c \u0648\u062f. \u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063575.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (35) \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063521.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (36) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063523.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (37) \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063525.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (38) \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063525.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (39) \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a “\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0639 68\/69. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629\/ \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 1411\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (40) \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (41) M. A. AL \u2013 Zarga \u2013 Toward Islamization of Disciplines, International Institute of Islamic Thought, Herdon, 1959, P. 322.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (42) \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (43) M. AL \u2013 Zarga \u2013 Toward Islamizotion of Disciplines, P. 330.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (44) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f “\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a”\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1990\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a: 102\u060c 99\u060c 813\u060c 196\u060c 698\u060c 413.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (45) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a \u2013 “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u063556\u060c \u0648”\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0635110\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (46) \u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f. \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 1407\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (47) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631 “\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0639 54\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 1409\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 68\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 “\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\/1\u060c \u063317\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c 1989\u0645\u060c \u0635 48.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (48) \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1974\u0645\u060c \u0635 28-29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (49) \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 99.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (50) \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\/1\u060c 1409\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635145.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (51) \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (52) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063531\u060c 32\u060c 42\u060c 144.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (53) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631” \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: (Altruism and Economy \u2013 A study in Non Selfish Economics) by David Collard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (54) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u062d\u0641 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 43\u060c Also See: M. N. Siddiqi \u2013 The Economic Enterprise in Islam, Lahore, 1972, P. 90 and Some aspects of the Islamic Economy, Delhi, 1972, P. 19-20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (55) \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (56) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 “\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0639 960\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f 14 \u0635\u0641\u0631 1409\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (57) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u060c \u0635 20-21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (58) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f. \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641\u064a “\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06395\u060c \u0633 21\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1985\u0645\u060c \u063557.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (59) \u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (60) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1402\u0647\u0640 \u0635 117.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (61) \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 166.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (62) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0635 169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (63) \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Maximization \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0638 “\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645” \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649” \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0635 565\u060c \u0648\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0642\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1398\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (64) \u062f. \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0642\u062d\u0641 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 35\u060c 37\u060c 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (65) \u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 88\u060c 102.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (66) \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 .<\/p>\n\n\n\n (67) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062f. \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1409\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635 108-113\u060c \u0648\u062f. \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 “\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 129\u060c 141.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (68) \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a”\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 118\u060c 163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (69) \u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u2013 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (70) \u062f. \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (71) \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (72) \u062f. \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n * * *<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f . \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1429\u0647\u0640 = \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u2013\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u062f\u062f : 11-12 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0640\u0629 : 32<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 : \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,32,36],"tags":[202],"class_list":["post-1453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-29","category-32","category-36","tag------1429-"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1453"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1458,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1453\/revisions\/1458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/darululoom-deoband.com\/arabicarticles\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}